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Bal Mabille
The Bal Mabille, also known as Jardin Mabille and Mabille Gardens in English, was a fashionable open-air dance establishment on what is now Avenue Montaigne in Faubourg Saint-Honoré, Paris, extending from 49 to 53 in the modern street numbering.〔Jules Vallès, ''Le tableau de Paris'', preface and notes by Marie-Claire Bancquart, Lettres françaises, Paris: Messidor, 1989, ISBN 9782209061495, (p. 338 ) .〕 It was opened in 1831, when the area was still largely rural, was struck by shells during the siege of Paris in 1870–71, and closed in 1875. Both the polka and the can-can were reportedly introduced there.
==History==
The Bal Mabille was opened in 1831 by Monsieur Mabille, a dance instructor, and was originally only for his pupils. It was later opened to the public, and in 1844 his sons decided to refurbish it as a sort of enchanted garden, with sand paths, lawns, trees and shrubs, galleries and a grotto. It was equipped with 3,000 gas lamps, very modern for the time, and was thus able to stay open after dark. Coloured-glass globes illuminated the areas under trees, and strings of lights and chandeliers were suspended between them. There was an area with a roof for protection from rain, and the grounds contained a Chinese pavilion, artificial palm trees, and a merry-go-round. Charles Monselet described it as "gilded from top to bottom: trees, benches, vases, flowers ... nature glistening in gold, silver and precious stones".〔cited in ("Champs-Élysées (avenue des)" ), ''Paris mon village: le faubourg du Roule et ses environs'', Apophtegme.com, p. 7 (pdf): "Tout y est doré du haut en bas, les arbres, les bancs, les vases, les fleurs. Imaginez une nature brillante, en or, argent et pierres précieuses."〕
The entrance price was high, so that only the relatively well to do were able to frequent the establishment. It soon became the most fashionable dancing location of the period, although it had a reputation for attracting more foreigners in search of "pretty faces" than Parisians.〔Frédéric Loliée, adapted by Bryan O'Donnell, ''The Gilded Beauties of the Second Empire'', New York: Brentano's / London: Long, 1910, , (pp. 71–75 ).〕〔William Walton, ''Paris from the Earliest Period to the Present Day'', 10 vols., Volume 8 ''Street Scenes; Groups in Parks, etc.'', Philadelphia: Barrie, 1900, , (214–16 ).〕 The polka was introduced there by Élise Rosita Sergent, known as ''la reine Pomaré'', and Élisabeth-Céleste Vénard, known as "Céleste Mogador",〔Emilio Sala, tr. Delia Casadei, ''The Sounds of Paris in Verdi's La Traviata'', Cambridge Studies in Opera, New York: Cambridge University, 2013, ISBN 9781107009011, (p. 84 ).〕 and the can-can is said to have been invented there.〔Rae Beth Gordon, ''Dances with Darwin, 1875-1910: Vernacular Modernity in France'', Farnham, Surrey / Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2009, ISBN 9780754652434, (p. 51, note 90 ).〕 Other noted dancers who appeared there during the Second Empire were Rigolboche and Rosalba. In 1870, in the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, the Bal Mabille was hit by shells.〔Vallès, (p. 338 ): "Si on ne dansait plus sur un volcan, on dansait sur des cendres. Les obus des deux sièges étaient tombés là-dedans" - "If one was no longer dancing on a volcano, one was dancing on ashes. The shells of the two sieges had fallen in there".〕 Under the Third Republic, there was a shooting range there, and a fifty-piece orchestra led by Olivier Métra.
It closed in 1875 and was demolished in 1882.〔Patrick Offenstadt with Nicole Castais and Pierre Saurisse, ''Jean Béraud, 1849–1935: the Belle Epoque: a dream of times gone by'', catalogue raisonné, Wildenstein Institute, Cologne: Taschen, 1999, ISBN 9783822865132, (p. 194 ).〕
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